Genetically Modified Humans? CRISPR/Cas 9 Explained

Genetically Modified Humans? CRISPR/Cas 9 Explained

This week Reactions dives into your DNA with the science and chemistry behind CRISPR/Cas 9. Fans of Blade Runner have already caught a glimpse of world with super-powered humans secretly living among us, capable of physical feats far beyond your everyday person. But now, with the the CRISPR/CAS9 Gene editing system, are we looking at a future with real replicants? Check out this video to get an inside look at how CRISPR works, and the sorts of wild medical advances that are on the horizon.

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Producer: Kirk Zamieroski

Writers: Megan Cartwright & Kirk Zamieroski

Executive Producer:
Adam Dylewski

Scientific consultants:
Chase Biesel, Ph.D
Martin Jinek, Ph.D.
Kyle Nackers

Music:
Roberto Daglio – Mr. Fantastic
Sam Leopard – Back for More

Sources:

Video interviews with Jennifer Doudna:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9zPw2JmagktMGh6amk2c2stUUk/view?ts=56e70360&pref=2&pli=1

https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B9zPw2JmagktWGZuTkVvV0VIRmc&usp=sharing

https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B9zPw2JmagktWGZuTkVvV0VIRmc&usp=sharing

Notes from CRISPR talk by Françoise Baylis at AAAS: https://www.evernote.com/l/AJH9UmuXh1VJBp40fv36HDbXD_NnEeifEEU.

Addgene. CRISPR/Cas9 Guide. Web: https://www.addgene.org/CRISPR/guide/.

Addison et al. 2015. Gene Editing and Germ-line Intervention: The Need for Novel Responses to Novel Technologies. Molecular Therapy. Web: http://www.nature.com/mt/journal/v23/n11/full/mt2015185a.html.

Barrangou et al. 2007. CRISPR Provides Acquired Resistance Against Viruses in Prokaryotes. Science. Web: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/315/5819/1709.long.

BBC. 1 February 2016. Scientists get ‘gene editing’ go-ahead. Web: http://www.bbc.com/news/health-35459054.

Chen et al. 2015. Functional disruption of the dystrophin gene in rhesus monkey using CRISPR/Cas9. Human Molecular Genetics. Web: http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=25859012.

Deltcheva et al. 2011. CRISPR RNA maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III. Nature. Web: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3070239/.

Guo et al. 2015. Targeted genome editing in primate embryos. Cell Research. Web: http://www.nature.com/cr/journal/v25/n7/full/cr201564a.html.

Jansen et al. 2002. Identification of genes that are associated with DNA repeats in prokaryotes. Molecular Microbiology. Web: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02839.x/abstract.

Jinek et al. 2012. A Programmable Dual-RNA–Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity. Science. Web: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/337/6096/816.long.

Komor et al. 2016. Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage. Nature. Web: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v533/n7603/full/nature17946.html.

Liang et al. 2015. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human tripronuclear zygotes. Protein & Cell. Web: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4417674/.

MIT Technology Review. 11 February 2014. Genome Surgery. Web: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/524451/genome-surgery/.

MIT Technology Review. 5 March 2015. Engineering the Perfect Baby. Web: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/535661/engineering-the-perfect-baby/.

Nature. 1 April 2015. Mini enzyme moves gene editing closer to the clinic. Web: http://www.nature.com/news/mini-enzyme-moves-gene-editing-closer-to-the-clinic-1.17234.

Nature. 29 September 2015. Gene-edited ‘micropigs’ to be sold as pets at Chinese institute. Web: http://www.nature.com/news/gene-edited-micropigs-to-be-sold-as-pets-at-chinese-institute-1.18448.

Nature. CRISPR, the disruptor. 3 June 2015. Web: http://www.nature.com/news/crispr-the-disruptor-1.17673.

Science. 17 December 2015. And Science’s 2015 Breakthrough of the Year is… Web: http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/12/and-science-s-breakthrough-year.

The Verge. 20 April 2016. Breakthrough method means CRISPR just got a lot more relevant to human health. Web: http://www.theverge.com/2016/4/20/11450262/crispr-base-editing-single-nucleotides-dna-gene-liu-harvard.

Melissa L. Hefferin, Alan E. Tomkinson, Mechanism of DNA double-strand break repair by non-homologous end joining, DNA Repair, Volume 4, Issue 6, 8 June 2005, Pages 639-648, ISSN 1568-7864, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dnarep.2004.12.005.
http://files.jhoandriveras.webnode.com.ve/200000063-27ea229ddb/Non-Hom%20End%20Joing%20DNA%20Repair%20-%20Hefferin-%20skip%20first%20section%20on%20yeast.pdf