Again science CRISPR:what is CRISPR gene editing? How to apply?

before that may be you have read through the use of gene editing technologyCRISPRalso known asThe CRISPR/Cas9to study the relevant reports. The scientific community are in for this revolutionary technology fascinated because of it and before theDNAthe transformation of means compared to the cheaper, inexpensive and efficient.

CRISPR/Cas9this term represents“clustered regularly spaced short palindromic repeatThe Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic installed or support, theCRISPR）/CRISPRrelated protein9”。 This name reflects it is initially found when the showed the important features, but does not explain how it works, because it people know what it is before it is named.

CRISPR/Cas9do?

CRISPR/Cas9is in the bacteria found in a participation of the immune defense system. Bacteria use theCRISPR/Cas9cut off the viral invader（phage of theDNA, to prevent yourself from being phage kill.

today, we have this molecular machine to a completely different object in the direction makeover—for change within the organismDNAcode in any one of the selected bases.

we will want to correct due to heredity or replication errors generated by the pathogenic gene. Or in some cases, we will want to enhance crops, livestock, and even human genetic code.

so whether we just don’t want the gene cut, and then with a good gene to replace?

first we have to remember that animals and plants are made up of thousands of cells, each cell containing the sameDNA。 Just edit one of the cells is meaningless: we have to edit every cell in the same gene. We need to cut the thousands of genes and then stick on the thousands of new genes.

and, not all the cells are easy to get into—how we touched those buried in the bone or inside the brain cells?

a better way is the life of birth at the start of this work, when only one cell—early embryos when it is carried out genome editing.

therefore, we just need a giant microscope and a tiny scissors. This is basically what we use.

Cas9bacteria evolve out of the destruction of the virus of“scissors”the technical name.CRISPRindicated by the generation of RepeatDNAthe sequence is a composite of another part of the system, it will tell scissors to SNiPDNAof which part.

find, cut, and paste

to makeCas9scissors capable of precise positioning, we associate it with the manual guide chain, the guide chain is capable of guidingCas9to match theDNAthefragment.

remember,DNAthere are two chains, two chains with each other pairing. We produced the guide Strand with the coding only with the30billion of these base pairs long genome of a part of the pair—just like Google search. Our guide chain can indeed be Grooming large amounts of genetic material, which found that the precise pairing of a segment. Thus, our“scissors”be in the correct position of the shear.

onceCas9scissors in our desired location on the cut.DNArecipient, the cells will use any availableDNAclip to fix the broken chain. Therefore, we will also inject new want to insert the geneDNAthefragment.

you can use the microscope and microscopic syringe together with injectedCRISPR/Cas9and the guide Strand and the donorDNAthe new genes on. Alternatively, you can use the current cell perforated to allow these material flows, the use of the gun will be adhered to with these substances of small beads into the cell, or through the capsule of the method they are introduced—with lipid vesicles wrapped, when vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane will release the contents.

but the new genes how to find the right place to embed it? Imagine you’re from30billion blocks to find a piece to fill the puzzle with the last piece, and is in a cell, like passion fruit as flooded with slimy things.

you will do is make a piece with the notch conforms to the shape of the Tangram, and inject it into the passion fruit. So, you just need to shake the passion fruit until this piece of the jigsaw puzzle to find it is to fill the site and only inserted in it should be inserted.

you don’t need a microscope to see the genomeDNA–they are too small. You also do not need to shake—random diffusion, known as Brownian motion final total will be the piece of jigsaw puzzle to fit it’s position.

first, the guide Strand will be shaking a find a suitable location to let the scissors SNiP, after a new donorDNA��Similarly arranged in a suitable position and byDNArepair mechanisms are permanently sewn onDNAchain.