The nature of significant progress! Gene editing and ascend to a new level! The development of an efficient mitochondrial DNA…

Image Source: ANGELA GAO

thousands of mitochondria present in most human cells, each mitochondria have their own genes,these mitochondria may be caused by the bacteria evolvedit. Researchers in correct the cause of the mitochondrial disease of genetic defects in almost no progress, and many of the disease is by”point mutation”caused. In this mutation, a single DNA bases–adenine, cytosine, thymine or guanine-is a destruction of the desired protein or damage the activity of base substituted.

mitochondrial gene editing face one difficulty is:the most famous of the genomic editor CRISPR, a key component is too large, resulting in the inability to enter the mitochondria; and the other to be able to reach the mtDNA genome editor was unable to precisely correct the point mutation.

the new study in the development of this new toolbinding of the CRISPR characteristics and a method called transcription activator-like effectors(TALEs)of the old technology, the three team together to create this new tool.

Marcos de Morae, he at the University of Washington Seattle campus, a microbiologist Joseph Mougous laboratory work. The team studied in resource-scarce cases, how bacteria secrete toxins to kill other bacteria.

in 2018, Marcos de Morae stumbled upona bacterial toxin, which contribute to the catalytic cytosine is converted to uracilit. (Such bases in RNA is normal, but in DNA it will be naturally converted to thymine.) More importantly, the toxin in the DNA double helix, the two chains generated on this never-before-seen mutations.

Mougous and Liu as Qian is the same as the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, HHMI’s fellows, but with Liu as Qian is not familiar. Nevertheless, Mougous still send mail to Liu as Qian asked whether he is interested in cooperation, this technique is the use of a similar enzyme Catalyst-A is called a deaminase enzyme with CRISPR technology of the two components are combined together to use.

these deaminase only on single-stranded DNA play a role. CRISPR Duo includes a RNA chain, which help to unravel the double helix structure, and the deamination enzyme is transported to the single-stranded on the precise target. However, this guide RNA (gRNA)can not enter the mitochondria.

Mougous said, the two teams from the outset to recognize that the new base editor with Liu as Qian of Team Development Editor compared to no obvious advantage.” This prompted us to look for it a favorable market.” It turns out this discovery ultimately changed the mtDNA. p>

the study of mitochondrial function disorders of the Broad Institute experts, HHMI another researcher Vamsi Mootha, also joined the cooperation.” I’m in this field has been 25 years, and this is the first time we can[manipulate the cells], and voila, a few days later, you will edit to mitochondrial DNA.”

the transcription activation-like effector(TALEs)and another early in the CRISPR genome editor zinc finger nuclear���Enzyme may cut off mitochondrial double-stranded DNA, and destroys them. This helps in the treatment of some mitochondrial diseases, but can not correct mtDNA point mutations.

in order to create a more sophisticated tool, Liu as Qian Laboratory of the graduate Beverly Mok the Mougous laboratory toxins derived deaminase attached in a TALE, The TALE is a protein that can enter the mitochondria, like the gRNA as to guide the complex to reach the target.

because the deamination enzyme to the mitochondria is toxic, the researchers divide it into two halves, only in the mtDNA at the target will only be together.” We must tame this beast, the”Liu as Qian said. In the human cell experiment, the cytosine is converted to thymine the chance of up to 50%. Importantly, they did not find a large number of”off target”in the edit, and this can avoid gene editing may cause serious injury.

at Columbia University to study mitochondrial disease Michio Hirano was not involved in the work, he said it was a”very clever”strategy”to solve the mitochondrial field of the history of the problem”.

in attempts to create a human mitochondrial disease cell and mouse models on the basis of the researchers will be looking for other you can modify the double-stranded DNA of the bacterial deaminase enzyme. They also want to improve the editing efficiency, reduce off-target gene editing, in order to mtDNA bases editing of the final energy in the human tested.” We recognize that to achieve this goal there is still a long way to go,”Liu such as the modest Professor said.” Now we have the blueprint, I hope that this field of energy and resources will use these tools and continue to improve them.”

reference:

【1】a New method to edit the cell’s ‘powerhouse’ DNA could help study variety of genetic diseases

【2】A bacterial cytidine deaminase toxin contains CRISPR-free mitochondrial base editing

【3】Zapping mutant DNA in mitochondria could treat major class of genetic disease

【4】The Tale of the TALEs.

【5】 Novel CRISPR-derived ‘base editors’ surgically alter DNA or RNA, offering new ways to fix mutations

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Published at Fri, 17 Jul 2020 17:54:03 +0000